Paper #2 Final

“A Question of Ethics” Left Unanswered
In her essay “A Question of Ethics,” Jane Goodall, a scientist
who has studied chimpanzees for years, tries to resolve a complicated ethical dilemma: Under what circumstances is it acceptable to cause animal suffering to prevent human suffering? Her answer, however, remains somewhat unclear. Although Goodall challenges scientists to avoid conducting unnecessary tests on animals, she does not explain the criteria by which scientists should determine necessity.
Goodall argues that her readers have an ethical obligation to protect animals from suffering, but she also implies that it might be necessary sometimes to abandon that obligation. She points out that animals share similar traits with human beings: they have a capacity for certain human emotions, and they may be capable of legitimate friendship. Goodall’s evidence for this claim is an anecdote from her research. She recounts that one chimpanzee in her study, named David Greybeard, “gently squeezed [her] hand” when she offered him food (62). Appealing to readers’ emotions, Goodall hopes to persuade readers that the chimp is “sociable” and “sentient,” or feeling (62). According to Goodall’s logic, if researchers are careful to avoid tests that cause human suffering, they should also be careful to avoid tests that cause suffering for other life forms.
When Goodall asserts that scientists shouldn’t mindlessly test animals if alternative tests are available, she is in effect conceding that sometimes animals will have to suffer for the sake of helping human beings. Yet if it is unacceptable in some cases to cause sentient beings to suffer, why would it not always be unacceptable? When could compassionate people be comfortable with the prospect of causing David Greybeard mental and physical pain?

Goodall attempts to draw the line between ethical and unethical animal testing by stressing the idea of “essential” tests— those without which scientists could not adequately study certain human illnesses at all. In other words, Goodall seems to imply that it would be unethical for scientists not to test animals when such tests are the only tool available to alleviate human suffering.
But might there be other criteria that could determine whether animal testing is necessary? For example, the severity
of a given human illness might lead scientists to identify medical conditions that justify subordinating animal welfare to human needs. For nonterminal illnesses that cause people far less pain, researchers might delay animal testing or use alternative methods because in these cases concern about animal suffering outweighs concern about manageable human suffering.
By contrast, Goodall’s criterion of “essential” testing leaves open the possibility that as long as alternatives are unavailable or ineffective and as long as researchers do not differentiate among degrees of human suffering, mindless animal testing would be acceptable. Her assumption suggests that David Greybeard could suffer, for example, because inadequate computer simulations have prevented researchers from finding a cure for the common head ache or for mildly unpleasant pollen allergies. To make a more

persuasive case, Goodall should define essential and nonessential human needs.
Goodall could use another standard to determine whether animal tests are essential. Researchers might consider how society values the species of animal used in tests. Goodall has chosen in her David Greybeard example an animal whose physiological similarity to human beings encourages people to grant personhood to it. But other animals have much lower capacity for understanding and empathy than do chimps, dolphins, dogs, or cats. Rats, for example, are not typically conferred with human qualities because their emotional capacity is assumed to be far more limited than humans’. If rats are more distant from human beings than chimpanzees are, and if they justify less stringent protection, then might a test be “essential” if it could be performed on a rat, but “nonessential” if it could be performed only on a chimpanzee? Researchers could conduct more ethically responsible animal testing if they used some species and exempted others from testing based on a reasoned determination of their similarity to or difference from human beings in mental capacity.
Although Goodall perhaps intended to call for improving animal laboratory conditions, her essay has also raised some questions about this important ethical issue. The stakes of animal testing are too high and the issue too complex to leave the question of necessity unanswered. To treat human beings as well as animals with the dignity they deserve, medical researchers will need to continue refining their definition of essential. 

Work Cited
Goodall, Jane. “A Question of Ethics.” Newsweek International
7 May 2001: 62. InfoTrac Web: Student Edition. Web. 28 Oct. 2004. 

Rough 1.5

“A Question of Ethics” Left Unanswered
In her essay “A Question of Ethics,” Jane Goodall, a scientist
who has studied chimpanzees for years, tries to resolve a complicated ethical dilemma: Under what circumstances is it acceptable to cause animal suffering to prevent human suffering? Her answer, however, remains somewhat unclear. Although Goodall challenges scientists to avoid conducting unnecessary tests on animals, she does not explain the criteria by which scientists should determine necessity.
Goodall argues that her readers have an ethical obligation to protect animals from suffering, but she also implies that it might be necessary sometimes to abandon that obligation. She points out that animals share similar traits with human beings: they have a capacity for certain human emotions, and they may be capable of legitimate friendship. Goodall’s evidence for this claim is an anecdote from her research. She recounts that one chimpanzee in her study, named David Greybeard, “gently squeezed [her] hand” when she offered him food (62). Appealing to readers’ emotions, Goodall hopes to persuade readers that the chimp is “sociable” and “sentient,” or feeling (62). According to Goodall’s logic, if researchers are careful to avoid tests that cause human suffering, they should also be careful to avoid tests that cause suffering for other life forms.
When Goodall asserts that scientists shouldn’t mindlessly test animals if alternative tests are available, she is in effect conceding that sometimes animals will have to suffer for the sake of helping human beings. Yet if it is unacceptable in some cases to cause sentient beings to suffer, why would it not always be unacceptable? When could compassionate people be comfortable with the prospect of causing David Greybeard mental and physical pain?

Goodall attempts to draw the line between ethical and unethical animal testing by stressing the idea of “essential” tests— those without which scientists could not adequately study certain human illnesses at all. In other words, Goodall seems to imply that it would be unethical for scientists not to test animals when such tests are the only tool available to alleviate human suffering.
But might there be other criteria that could determine whether animal testing is necessary? For example, the severity
of a given human illness might lead scientists to identify medical conditions that justify subordinating animal welfare to human needs. For nonterminal illnesses that cause people far less pain, researchers might delay animal testing or use alternative methods because in these cases concern about animal suffering outweighs concern about manageable human suffering.

Essay #2 Rough

“A Question of Ethics” Left Unanswered
In her essay “A Question of Ethics,” Jane Goodall, a scientist
who has studied chimpanzees for years, tries to resolve a complicated ethical dilemma: Under what circumstances is it acceptable to cause animal suffering to prevent human suffering? Her answer, however, remains somewhat unclear. Although Goodall challenges scientists to avoid conducting unnecessary tests on animals, she does not explain the criteria by which scientists should determine necessity.
Goodall argues that her readers have an ethical obligation to protect animals from suffering, but she also implies that it might be necessary sometimes to abandon that obligation. She points out that animals share similar traits with human beings: they have a capacity for certain human emotions, and they may be capable of legitimate friendship. Goodall’s evidence for this claim is an anecdote from her research. She recounts that one chimpanzee in her study, named David Greybeard, “gently squeezed [her] hand” when she offered him food (62). Appealing to readers’ emotions, Goodall hopes to persuade readers that the chimp is “sociable” and “sentient,” or feeling (62). According to Goodall’s logic, if researchers are careful to avoid tests that cause human suffering, they should also be careful to avoid tests that cause suffering for other life forms.

Analyzing Hamal's Paper

Sarah Hamal's Paper:
1. a. The main point is how beauty pageants are dangerous.
    b. The thesis is clearly stated in the first few sentences.
2. a. Her reasoning's are that controlling mothers can cause stress.
    b. The authors quotes news articles.
    c. The reasons seem legit because the quotes are from psychologists.
3. a. The third paragraph is when the author addresses the counterarguments. These are proved wrong with facts.
    b. She responds respectfully and refutes them.
    c. She respects the counterarguments yet proves them wrong with data.
    d. Her arguments are good because they are backed by logical data.
4. a. The outside sources are used to prove the authors statements.
    b. The quotes are credible because they are from sources of people who have gone through the pageants themselves.
    c. Many of the sources are from 2009 which isn't too far in the past and still seem relevant.
5. a. The author addresses us with a question about sports to get the reader hooked.
    b. The author sticks to the third person format excluding you and we.
    c. We share the belief that children should not be forced into doing anything they don't want to do and they should feel comfortable with who they are.

Analyzing Page's Paper

Sarah Page's Paper:
1. a. The main point is about how designer babies are good for the environment.
    b. The thesis is clear and to the point at the end of the introductory paragraph
2. a. Designer babies are smarter than normal babies.
    b. In studies, designer babies IQ is up 20 points to the normal baby.
    c. The studies are done well and are legit therefore backing up the reasoning.
3. a. The counterarguments are recognized and thoroughly given a chance.
    b. The counterarguments are acknowledged and then responded to with the utmost respect.
    c. The other arguments are realized with great amounts of respect and then turned away due to evidence that proves otherwise.
    d. The arguments that are combating the counterarguments are based off research and studied evidence creating a sound combatant.
4. a. The cited outside sources are used as a complimentary addition to the position taken by the author.
    b. The outside information seems to be fairly unbiased in showing how designer babies can be good for society as a whole, not just one group.
    c. The sources are fairly current, the latest being 2013 and going up through 2014.
5. a. The writer assumes the reader to be oblivious therefore going into depth to create a background to help readers understand better.
    b. The language sticks to third person leaving out personal pronouns.
    c. I think the reader and I have a great deal of concern for the society we live in today and its nice to know that someone else other than myself feels it is important to live in such a society.

Think About the Genre (Personal)

Taking Positions(me):
Voting for democrat or republican
Who I want to win. Seahawks or cowboys.
Weather or not I think Marijuana should be illegal
What jordans I like more
Others Positions:
Who to pick on fantasy football
Who they think will win the world series
Who to vote for in the primary elections
Which NGO's should have government funding

Public Service Video

Summary: A short informational video titled "Two Sisters Tragic Story," informs people of the dangers of drinking and driving, by giving us a tragic story of girls that lost their life in a drinking and driving accident, further influencing them to form an organization devoted to giving safe rides homes to prevent an accident similar to this one from happening to anyone else.

Beyond Written Text

The addition of music, voice overs, an written words made Obama's "yes we can" speech so much more powerful. Unlike just listening to Obama give an already compelling speech, music, voice overs, and written words just made the speech really stick in your head. The music put a tune in my head making me sing to myself "yes we can." The voice overs made it memorable because i saw so many artists that I like. And written words also added to the visual aspect of it thus making it even more memorable.

Page 100

1. Katherine Sprigs convinced me that this topic matters by using her own experiences. She taught me about her home town and what it was like growing up. The topic became important because it benefits your town and it benefits the sustainability of the farm and the world. The small farms cause less waste and damage to society. This would also reduce the cost of every day things, like fuel. The long term advantages of local farms are much larger than the disadvantages.
2. Sprigs touches base on how people who do not agree with her argument validate their own. She uses Alex Avery as an example, and gives an appropriate response to his view. She also used the industrial issues as a counterargument, and then brings in facts from a reliable source to prove that they are wrong. She continues to comment on how even though the global effect has some negative outcomes, like children losing jobs in Bangledesh, the United States would be demonstrating how people can change the environment and the government.
3.The last paragraph is effective because she uses a clear position. She uses a response to a counterargument, and gives us a reason why the topic matters. Her reasoning is about  how food tastes better when grown in certain seasons, and she taps into peoples values by talking about how food is something we should enjoy and cherish.
4. The photos contribute to her argument by giving a better visual to her works. She shows a smaller, poly culture farm next to a large mono culture farm to show better how these look. It looks like the smaller farm is more fresh and delightful where as the large farm is more dry, and industrial. She also shows interstate trucking to comment on how expense it is to have to pay to move food sources from one place to another.

Topics

Position paper topics:

Should baseball be in the Olympics?
My position: Yes because if was in years prior and it remains one of the top sports in the world.

Does teen pregnancy have a positive or negative affect?
-Negative

Should college athletes be paid?
Yes

Should sex education still be taught in schools?
Yes because it is important but they should teach a certain type of sex ed.

"The Last Text" Summary and Analysis

An argument is a way to express yourself. You argue for or against something all the time without realizing it. It is important to understand how arguments work to make sure you can write the best argument you can. Arguments can be found everywhere in the media, and can sometimes be seen as manipulative. The purpose of an argument can be many things from trying to make someone understand a certain point of view or to more a decision on something as simple as where to eat. Religion, facts, statistics and personal testimony are all things you can use as evidence for an argument. It is important to keep in mind your intended arguments even though it can be perceived in many ways. What you wear and what you use to represent yourself give off a certain impression on who you are. You should make sure to think carefully about your argument and what you are trying to say. Make sure the source is a reliable one when looking at arguments of others. You should dig deep to find where it came from and if it is important to your argument as well. Make sure your stance comes across clearly and that it is reasonable and knowledgeable. If your argument matters to you, you should make sure it matters to others as well. Your claim should be strong and clear. A thesis can help support your claim. And make sure to appeal to all audiences.

Page 269-284

An argument is a way to express yourself. You argue for or against something all the time without realizing it. It is important to understand how arguments work to make sure you can write the best argument you can. Arguments can be found everywhere in the media, and can sometimes be seen as manipulative. The purpose of an argument can be many things from trying to make someone understand a certain point of view or to more a decision on something as simple as where to eat. Religion, facts, statistics and personal testimony are all things you can use as evidence for an argument. It is important to keep in mind your intended arguments even though it can be perceived in many ways. What you wear and what you use to represent yourself give off a certain impression on who you are. You should make sure to think carefully about your argument and what you are trying to say. Make sure the source is a reliable one when looking at arguments of others. You should dig deep to find where it came from and if it is important to your argument as well. Make sure your stance comes across clearly and that it is reasonable and knowledgeable. If your argument matters to you, you should make sure it matters to others as well. Your claim should be strong and clear. A thesis can help support your claim. And make sure to appeal to all audiences.

Mad Men

1. Heather Havrilesky's main insight about Mad Men is that it represents the current desire for more than what we have in America. It represents the difference between the American Dream and the reality for most people in America. Paragraph four, page 171 she writes "Somehow Mad Men captures this ultra-mediated, post modern moment, underscoring the disconnect between the American dream and reality by distilling our deep-seated frustrations as a nation into painfully palpable vignettes."
2. Havrilesky establishes her authority by connecting with the readers. She starts by addressing the audience clearly as Americans, and then goes on about how we are striving for more things. She insists that stories from when we were younger make an importance to expand our dreams.
3.She appeals to the readers emotions by bringing up what it is like to be an American and grow up in a country like ours. On page 170 she wrote "It's a sickness that's infused in our blood, a dissatisfaction with the ordinary that's instilled in us from childhood." She also took the time to connect through telling about stories the general public knows. On page 170 it is said "Having been told repeated stories about the fairest in the land, the most powerful, the richest, the most heroic, (Snow White, Pokemon, Ronald McDonald, Lady Gaga), eventually we buy into these creation myths and concede their overwhelming importance in the universe."
4. I did not know anything about Mad Men before reading this passage. I still do not want to watch it because I don't find shows like that interesting. I think that when I am older I will probably enjoy it, but for right now shows like Mad Men are too heavy for me.

Literacy: A Lineage

The author Melanie Luken starts Literacy: A Lineage by explaining the role her father had in her life of literacy. She elaborated on how they would go for bike rides every Sunday afternoon to a bell tower where they would read a poem by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow. As they both aged, she started to go by herself making the bike riding a tradition.  Her literacy came from her fathers love of literature and her definition of literacy was changed because of who her father was. She comments on how their literacy was more than just reading and writing, but rather the tradition it held with it.

She goes on to tell who her father is. She writes about how he has tried almost every art, including poetry and song writing. At first he had hoped to become a professor, but ended up as a stay at home dad for his daughter making their relationship prosper and they became close even if it wasn't easy at times. She spoke on how intelligent and imaginative her father was and how that benefited her daily life as a child. He taught her famous quotes and when she learned to read and write she would do it as often as she could. She remembered going to the library as a child with her brothers, and the books she wrote her father for Christmas.

She goes on to touch base on how she majored in French, upholding her tradition of language. She had struggled with it because she didn't have a tradition from her childhood with French. She found that tradition had changed her definition of literacy and she wanted it to be a part of her lineage. She touches base on how she may not be rich with money or physical things but her father made her rich in love of literature and language. Even though he passed she still has these things to remember him.

Chapter 2

Types of writing I've done in the past week:
Texting
Tweeting
Facebook messenger
Notes for Art appreciation
English assignments
Art homework
Math equations
PolSci essays

Rhetorical Situations:  Tweeting, Notes, and PolSci essays

1. Tweeting: When I tweet, usually it's casual. My audience is my friends and other followers who can relate to the situation I am tweeting about. Usually these are other teens who are scrolling through twitter looking for something to make them laugh or to spark their interest. People can like or retweet my tweets if they like them. I tweet to express myself in the moment feelings or to tell other people what is happening in my life. This can be funny or serious. It is also normal to post pictures along with tweets.
2. Notes: Notes are usually casual, and the only people reading them are me. Unless my friends need notes for class, I am usually the only "audience". I write notes extremely casually, and try to take short cuts in my writing when taking them. Not always using full sentences or finishing words. When I take notes I like to use pictures as well to help me remember and associate facts with them. I also put a lot of my notes in color because the brain remembers color.
3. PolSci Essays: This week I wrote an essay based on elite theory. The whole text was formal, and was used to answer the larger question of government distrust. The audience was my professor, therefore I had to create a professional sense of writing.

Lydia's Story

Questions:

1. Brideau's main point is that even though bad situation people survived by staying calm and being brave. This is indicated in the last paragraph, especially in the last sentence.
2. Brideau wrote this story in third person  point of view, with the exception of the first and last paragraphs, which are in fist person point of view. This makes it easier to relate to the author, and during the story of Lydia it paints the picture of what is happening in your head. It also helps to separate which part is the author speaking and which part is Lydia.
3. She makes the story come alive by using specific details and describing emotions. Some specific instances of this are "Lydia climbed off the kitchen counter and waded through the deep water, dragging a small kitchen stool behind her." and "Her tongue became dry and her lips were cracked but she only was aware of being terrified of the water.". These help readers understand what she was doing and how she felt as she sat in her linen closet.
4. This piece would be originally for the readers of that health magazine. People like doctors, and nurses. The tone of the piece suits these readers because it is easy to hear her voice in her text, and she addresses the story like she is talking to a colleague. This is seen on page 131, when she states, " For me, the enormity of the double hurricanes became clean only after witnessing..". Some words that help connect to her are ones like I, hope, determination, and adversity.

About Me

My name is Nash Gowin and I am 17 years old. I am a running start student from North Kitsap High School and I am a senior. I live in a 3 acre plot with 2 dogs, a cat, 18 turkey and a pond of fish. I enjoy playing baseball, math, video games, and spending time with my brother and sister. My sister is 25 and works for Masterworks. My brother is 13, and is very energetic.

A few things about me you should know are I love the outdoors, I can't stand the color brown, I work at Central Market, I have a scar on my head from dancing like a ballerina, and one time a dog bit me.  After I graduate from high school, I plan on attending a four year university in California, and becoming a high school math teacher. I am very excited to see what this jump start does for my college education in the long run.

Analyzing an Argument

Russel Honre takes a look back at his career and makes a discovery that his father had told him at a young age. To be able to work is a blessing. Russel gives a brief background of his childhood work while Sarah Page gives a quick synopsis of what a designer baby is. Russel takes a position on his fathers position while Sarah  takes a position in response to the position of Dr. Paul Walman. Russel admits he was a little slow to realize his fathers wise words, at the same time Sarah  admits she was a tad skeptical about how designer babies could be good for the society. Russel sights his father more than once to show a more rounded view of his position while Sarah quotes Walman several times to show his full opinion on the topic. Russel has life experiences that help to prove his fathers point at the same time Sarah has statistics proving that her position is valid. Russel has examples of why his topic actually matters and Sarah has examples proving why people should care about her topic. Russel ends with a very blatant position in his conclusion with Sarah closing off very similarly.

Incorporating Sources Effectively

Minimum Wage:
In an article waying the pros and cons of minimum wage, Sarah Shemkus states, "An employee working a 40-hour week at the federal minimum wage would earn $15,080 per year. This income would leave a two-person household -- say, a single parent with one child -- just below the federal poverty threshold of $15,130." (Salary.com, Increasing the Minimum Wage)

http://www.salary.com/increasing-the-minimum-wage-pros-cons/

The federal minimum wage was put into action in 1938 at the low price of $0.25. (Raistheminimumwage.com)

http://www.raisetheminimumwage.com/pages/qanda

According to Employment Policies Institute, "High minimum wage rates lead to unemployment for teens." (Epionline.org). In the article the Institute explains, "research has shown time and again that increasing the minimum wage destroys jobs for low-skilled workers while doing little to address poverty." (Epionline.org).

https://www.epionline.org/minimum-wage/minimum-wage-teen-unemployment/

Works Cited

http://www.salary.com/increasing-the-minimum-wage-pros-cons/. Salary. Web. Nov 19 2015.

http://www.raisetheminimumwage.com/pages/qanda. Raisetheminimumwage. Web. Nov 19 2015

https://www.epionline.org/minimum-wage/minimum-wage-teen-unemployment/. 2015. EPIOnline. Web. Nov 19 2015.

Article Comparisons

In Sprigs essay, she wrote about how smaller farms are better for society. In our group we have many essays and they were very different from Sprigs. Even though the topics were different, all of the authors used valid arguments to defend their position. In Sprigs essay she uses pathos by bringing back memories from her childhood. She brings her own experiences to the table to connect with others. In an essay we have about terrorism, the author used pathos by using the recent attack on Paris, France as an example. She wrote about how the even was horrific and that the killings was supposed to be taken seriously, as terrorism is as well. A different essay we have on abortion, used pathos by asking questions about being against letting embryos live. In all of the essays, an explicit position was used. Sprigs was on how smaller local farms are better than larger monoculture farms. The essay on terrorism was about how serious the word terrorism is, and how the media throws it around too loosely. The abortion essay was about being pro-choice. All of the essays used a response to what others said, and included ethos in those responses. These topics all have a good reason on why it matters. They make it clear that the issue effects many people not just a small portion of society. They all appeal to readers values by connecting to the readers through personal experience, how people feel on the topic in daily life, and how large parts of society is effected by the topic. The essays were all important because they connected to the readers, made their topic important, and used an authoritative tone to convince the readers to agree with them.

Position Paper in Class Lab: How things mean

Album Covers:
They suggests that your face sells a product a certain way. The softer sexier feel of the woman suggests that her music is for other women who enjoy soft maybe even pop music. The men have strong and serious poses. This suggests their music shouldn't be taken lightly and that they are serious artists. The eyes work on the viewer to tell them what the music is about. The woman has a certain soft feel behind her eyes that the men don't have.

Peace sign buttons:
These buttons suggest world peace is more important than wars. They do this by saying "peace" and "make love not war". The elements that work are the peace sign because a lot of people are familiar with them and worlds like love and war because a lot of controversy surrounds them.

Different types of symbols and images in the media can suggest what the topic of the item or selling point is. The first way you can see this is on album covers. Images of people on the cover can change the whole selling point of the music. A picture of a woman, the singer, having soft eyes and a sexy feel can sell to both women and men. Women are attracted to the album because the feel of the music is softer and could contain pop undertones. Men on their albums tend to be seen as  strong and almost cold on the cover. The music in those albums are seen as serious and important where as on the woman's album it is light hearted and sexy. Another way to see different images and symbols suggesting the topic is on buttons. On two different buttons they suggest that peace is important in life. On the first button it is easy to understand because of the common peace sign and the word peace. The words flow on the button and help to suggest a calming feel to it. The second button suggests that love is more important than war. It uses the peace sign again to suggest peace is more important than war. These symbols work because the faces have a certain tone and the symbols are common and recognizable to the public.

Think About the Genre in Class Lab

Taking Positions:

• Who will win the Seahawks game.
• Who to start on my fantasy football team.
• Who to vote for in the Primary Elections.
• Whether it's considered equality if you hit a girl.
• Who will win the World Series.

Other People's Positions:

• Who to vote for in the Primary Elections.
• TV/Movie shows liked.
• Take in or take out dinner.
• The position of no violence.

Page 66 in class lab:

Gun control memes:

https://llwproductions.files.wordpress.com/2013/04/meme-deer-shooting-back.jpg
This appeals to us because it is a funny way to say someones position. They used a joke, and a picture of a man everyone knows to make a meme about gun control. To support its position it asks a question, and then answers it with a punch line that delivers their stance. For a serious audience we would change it to saying "No one needs 30 rounds in their gun, because deer can not shoot back.". To change its medium we would switch the position and explain why so many rounds are needed.

https://stophittingyourbrother.files.wordpress.com/2013/01/gun-control-memes.jpg
On this website there are two different memes that have two different positions. The fist one has a quote from Ronald Reagan saying how he feels about guns. He said that it was okay to have guns for self defense but a machine gun is too much and no one really needs one in their home. The second meme has the word guns repeated several times next to phases that represent what we use to defend things like our homes and president. At the bottom it reads "We defend our children with a sign that reads 'this is a GUN FREE ZONE'". The quote from a historic person works because people trust his opinion and they logically can follow what he says. The second meme speaks to peoples emotions because their children or niece is not being protected while at school or in certain environments. To change them we would make them either appeal to someones comedic genre or have them be more serious depending on the audience.

http://www.quickmeme.com/img/5d/5d3a151b7d0d3b9e0bf5fd0f87d5023c63d74801655090fcf02f5579247c51f1.jpg
This memes is a picture of a man trying not to laugh while pretending to think. Around him it says "That Facebook post really make me think about my stance on gun control, said no one ever".  This appeals to us because it is funny and relatable. Really it means that it is hard to sway peoples opinions, but when you're on Facebook and something about gun control comes up you kind of laugh and scroll past. The thing we would change is maybe using a picture of someone we know. We would change the content to change the medium. We would make the meme have a position on gun control itself.

Bibliography:
Michelle. Cartoon. Motley News, 6 April. 2013.
Sallah. Cartoon. Stop Hitting Your Brother. 31 January. 2013
Quick Memes. Cartoon. Quick meme.com.

Save Water

Summary: Water waste leads to a lack of clean drinking water.

Paraphrase: Save water, save the world. Gallons of water are wasted every year, causing shortages in clean water. These shortages lead to several deaths every year. Places like California have gone through droughts that call for a need to safe water for cleaning drinking.

Quote “Thirsty?”

Textual analysis paper questions 1-7

1. The companies that publish the ads are, PETA, Freedom For Animals, and Mercy For Animals.
2. These adds are intended for human beings in general.
3. Because these organizations clearly do not want anyone to mistreat animals in any way. They use their ad techniques in a way that doesn't appeal to one group of people. 
4. The purpose of these is to make people think about what they do. The creators of these ads are wanting people to realize that maybe the way they treat animals is wrong.
5. These people are clearly animals lovers, and believe that animals should have the same rights that humans do. They are working towards their purpose by getting the word out through ads, and making people think twice about what their doing.
6. Its obvious when they say things like "If you wouldn't wear your dog.... please don't wear any fur." Its basically saying why wear any animal if you wouldn't wear your own.
7. "Stop the mistreatment, and cruelty of animals today, by using ethos, pathos, and logos to appeal to us."

Understanding Writing Analyses

What we now understand about analyzing writing:
You need to follow certain steps, in order.
You need to know what questions to ask.
You need to know what the point of the analysis is.
How to identify patterns in data and info.
You need to know how to connect to readers.
You need to look at text and see how it supports your claim.
You need to know how authors establish authority .
You need to know what emotions the text appeals to.
You need to know that analysis has to be instructional and informational.

How "Stay Sweet As You Are" fits the criteria:

The author uses a clear point to establish the topic sentence. He claimed that advertisements aimed at women encourage them to like beauty products that reinforce a male's role in their life.  He identified patterns in his data by analyzing the advertisements. He specifically picked apart ads that used men to reinforce the product. In the soap ad he proved that the soap was showing that women who want to get married need to have clear skin and even if they have wit and grace men wont be attracted to them. He looked at the text in the ads and explained how this supported his claim. He also knew what the emotions in the advertisements were and showed that they were trying to shame women into buying the products. He also is informative in his analysis by sticking to his claim, and using three different ads to prove his point. The essay "Stay Sweet as You Are" definitely fits the criteria to be an analysis essay.

Learning How to Read

Have you ever wondered what your most important educational tool is? Well I believe that the ability to read is the biggest advantage in life. Knowing how to read can help lay the ground work for the rest of your future. With the ability to read comes the ability to write. With these skills come numerous amounts of potential to thrive in today’s society. For example, I am writing my first college essay, and my writing skills are all directly linked to my reading ability. Without learning how to read, I never would have gone to kindergarten, and I definitely would not be where I am today.

This day was going to be like every other Saturday. I was going to get up, brush my teeth, and then go downstairs for breakfast. Saturdays were always my favorite. The whole family was home, and my mom always cooked breakfast on the weekend. As I walked down the newly carpeted stairs, I could smell my favorite breakfast ever, waffles! The aroma grabbed me and yanked me down the stairs, the strong smell of vanilla floated me into kitchen and plopped me on a stool at the breakfast bar. My mom knew me so well, she had already pulled the peanut butter and syrup out of the pantry. I instantly grabbed the freshest waffle, threw it on my plate and smothered it in peanut butter. Next came the waterfall of syrup creating a lake on the plate. As I took my first bite my mom said, “How would you like to learn how to read today?”

            Perplexed, I swallowed my enormous bite and responded, “Read? What do you mean?”

My mother tried to come up with something creative to trick me, “Like instead of me reading you a story at night, you could read one to yourself. It’s so much fun!”

I questioned my mom’s new idea, “By myself? Like I could read Magic Tree House every day? That would be awesome!” Little did I know it would be so difficult.

My mom continued with her weekend routine, she cleaned the kitchen, and washed the dishes. My father was forced to brush the dog, and then proceed to clean the carpets to make sure there were no more “Buster Bunnies.” After all the morning activities were out of the way, my mom pulled a box out of the closet with the words “Hooked on Phonics.” I had no idea what the words meant but I was about to find out!

In order to get me to focus, my mom brought me into our empty living room and opened up the Hooked on Phonics program. The freshly cleaned carpets felt so nice on my hands and feet that I almost fell asleep. My mom kept prompting me, running through the alphabet. I didn’t realize this was going to be such a long process, only being able to learn the sounds of uppercase and lowercase letters. I knew most of the letters, but didn’t really know what they sounded like. But this wasn’t even the hardest part, Saturday was long but pretty easy. Sunday was going to be difficult, on Sunday we started putting the letters together.

Knowing the sounds of letters was a good start, but I didn’t know many words past mom and dad. My mom kept saying, “Sound it out honey.” I didn’t really know what that meant. I felt the need to put the information I learned Saturday, to use on Sunday. I started reading words like ingredients to a cake, “There is a c, an a, and a t. Cccc-aaaaaaa-t. Cat! It’s a cat!” It felt so good to get a word right, but I got frustrated easily with words I couldn’t figure out. It was so easy to want to quit when I got words wrong. I felt so disappointed with myself, I thought my mom felt the same way, but she was always so positive and encouraging. When she could tell I was really down on myself she said to think about it and then she disappeared. I was confused because she had left, but I did what she said, I kept trying to figure out the words. My mom came back a minute or two later with popsicles! My favorite flavor is blue raspberry, it’s so sweet, yet it is also a bit sour, giving a wide range of flavor. Plus the popsicle left a vibrant blue on my lips and tongue, which for some reason made me feel like a super hero. My mom knew I loved the blue raspberry flavored popsicles. Holding up a fierce blue popsicle, so she prompted me by saying, “If you can get this word right I’ll give you half of this popsicle.”

I was determined and focused on getting that popsicle, so I sounded out the word again, “t-rr-u-cckk. Truck. Truck!” my mom then split the popsicle so there was half on each stick and gave me one half.

Trying to keep me attentive, my mom said, “Good job Nash. Now I’ll give you the other half if you can read this whole sentence.”

Now this was a sentence that I had seen before, but I wasn’t sure what it said. Pondering the sentence, I got frustrated, but I knew I just needed to stay relaxed. I had already tried to read the sentence four times already, every time getting hung up on what my mom called the “verb.” I knew I was talking about my dog, but what did he do? Looking at Buster, thinking about what he does every day, I remembered him playing around and jumping all over the place. I then took one more try at the sentence, I thought over every word very carefully. “The dog jumped on the bed.” My mother looked ecstatic! She was so proud, it was the first sentence I had ever read. She gave me the second half of the popsicle plus, she said I could have another one after dinner!

            I was only able to read very basic sentences, but it was a work in progress. I tried reading everything after that Sunday, cereal boxes, magazines, and newspapers. Anything I could find that had words, I would try and read from top to bottom. Every weekend we would practice reading. Every time I worked on reading, it became easier and quicker.  Learning to read seemed like such a small success, but as I look back, learning to read set the foundation for my education. Learning to read led to writing, then came kids’ books. Next came books for school. High school came around and I had textbooks to read. Now I’m in college and I find myself recalling this skill I learned almost twelve years ago.

            Without this experience I would never have done well in school. I would have never been able to read books for school, and definitely never would have been able to write a strong, cohesive essay. I credit a lot of my education to my caring parents. My parents have always been by myside, helping me when they can, and pushing me to be the best student I can be. So for that, I thank you mom and dad, you mean the world to me!

Analyzing Texts

Think About Your Own Use of Analysis

	Small Decision	Large Decision
Week	I decided to eat Special K for breakfast, to maintain a good diet. This decision made for a better eating lifestyle.	I decided to start a 14 week workout plan created by the Toronto Blue Jays. This choice will help me get back into top notch shape for baseball.
Month	I decided to go to Klahowya’s homecoming with Jacob Henson. Deciding to go to the dance has stretched my social horizons.	I have applied to five different colleges to attend next year as a freshman. Applying to these schools has set a plan for my educational future.
Year	I decided to by my first pair of Levi’s jeans. The Levi’s I bought have expanded my wardrobe immensely with only one addition.	I decided to attend Olympic College as a Running Start student. The decision to start college a year earlier will help with my college debt, being able to get a big chunk of college credits out of the way while still in high school.

 

Look For Analysis in Everyday Use

I analyzed to websites, Travelocity and Trip Advisor. I felt more comfortable with Travelocity because I felt like it was a more thorough search of what you are looking for. Both had a good search bar, but Travelocity felt more in depth, asking about number of people and number of beds. Trip Advisor almost felt like it was hiding its tabs. I felt I could plan a complete trip more easily with Travelocity, it had everything from the flight, the car rentals, cruises, and even things to do where you’re at. While Trip Advisor felt like you had to do everything one at a time, and not plan everything as one big trip. Both sites had great reviews, which helps immensely in deciding which airline to take, or what hotel to stay at. With the reviews, both sites had pictures but Trip Advisor’s seemed fake and photo shopped, while Travelocity seemed more realistic to what you would see while at your destination. With Travelocity, they have great coupons on the home page ready for you to use, where Trip Advisor has you find codes to enter in at checkout. I feel that if I was Trip Advisor, I would have a similar homepage with coupons out in the open, along with maybe having customers take pictures of the hotel for the reviews. As far as Travelocity goes, I know what site to use to plan my senior trip to San Diego California.

Taking Stock of Your Writing

1.       “Moral of Your Story”     The moral of my narrative was that learning to read can lay the foundation for the rest of your education and life.

2.       My audience would be my professor, classmates, and followers of my blog. I knew at least for my professor’s sake, I needed to have a certain level of maturity, yet also it was a narrative about learning how to read so it had to have somewhat of a childish charm.

3.       I received great feedback from my peers on how to make sentences flow a little better and to make them sound a bit more interesting. I will be using these great tips when I get a chance to edit my narrative.

4.       Before writing this narrative, I never really thought about the importance of learning how to read.

5.       My introduction paragraph felt very strong, coupled with strong descriptive imagery.

Learning How to Read Rough Draft

Have you ever wondered what your most important educational tool is? Well I believe that the ability to read is the biggest advantage of life. Knowing how to read can help lay the ground work for the rest of your future.

This day was going to be like every other Saturday. I was going to get up, brush my teeth, and then go downstairs for breakfast. Saturdays were always my favorite. The whole family was home, and my mom always cooked breakfast on the weekend. As I walked down the newly carpeted stairs, I could smell my favorite breakfast ever, waffles! The aroma grabbed me and yanked me down the stairs, the strong smell of vanilla floated me into kitchen and plopped me on a stool at the breakfast bar. My mom knew me so well, she had already pulled the peanut butter and syrup out of the pantry. I instantly grabbed the freshest waffle, threw it on my plate and smothered it in peanut butter. Next came the waterfall of syrup creating a lake on the plate. As I took my first bite my mom says, “How would you like to learn how to read today?”

            Perplexed, I swallowed my enormous bite and responded, “Read? What do you mean?”

My mother trying to come up with something creative to trick me, “Like instead of me reading you a story at night, you could read one to yourself. It’s so much fun!”

Questioning my mom’s new idea, “By myself? Like I could read Magic Tree House every day? That would be awesome!” Little did I know it would be so difficult.

My mom continued with her weekend routine, cleaning the kitchen, washing the dishes. My father forced to brush the dog, and then proceed to clean the carpets to make sure there were no more “Buster Bunnies.” Once all the morning activities were out of the way, my mom pulled a box out of the closet with the words “Hooked on Phonics.” I had no idea what the words meant but I was about to find out!

To try and get me to focus, my mom brought me into our living room and opened up the Hooked on Phonics program. The freshly cleaned carpets felt so nice on my hands and feet that I almost fell asleep. My mom kept prompting me, running through the alphabet. I didn’t realize this was going to be such a long process, only being able to learn the sounds of uppercase and lowercase letters. I knew most of the letters, but didn’t really know what they sounded like. But this wasn’t even the hardest part, Saturday was long but pretty easy. Sunday was when we started putting the letters together.

Knowing the sounds of letters was a good start, but I didn’t know many words past mom and dad. My mom kept saying, “Sound it out honey.” I didn’t really know what that meant. But felt like I needed to put the information I learned Saturday, to use on Sunday. I started reading words like ingredients to a cake, “There is a c, an a, and a t. Cccc-aaaaaaa-t. Cat! It’s a cat!” It felt so good to get a word right, but I got so frustrated with words I couldn’t figure out. It was so easy to want to quit when I got words wrong. I felt so disappointed with myself, I thought my mom felt the same way, but she was always so positive and encouraging. When she could tell I was really down on myself she said to think about it and then she disappeared. I was confused because she had left, but I did what she said, I kept trying to figure out the words. My mom came back a minute or two later with popsicles! She knew that I loved the blue raspberry ones, so she prompted me by saying, “If you can get this word right I’ll give you half of this popsicle.”

I was determined and focused on getting that popsicle, so I sounded out the word again, “t-rr-u-cckk. Truck. Truck!” my mom then split the popsicle so there was half on each stick and gave me one half.

Trying to keep me focused, my mom said, “Good job Nash. Now I’ll give you the other half if you can read this whole sentence.”

Now this was a sentence that I had seen before, but I didn’t know what it said. Pondering the sentence, I got frustrated, but I knew I just needed to stay relaxed. I had tried to read the sentence four times already, every time getting hung up on what my mom called the “verb.” I knew I was talking about my dog, but what did he do? Looking at Buster, thinking about what he does every day, I remembered him playing around and jumping all over the place. I then took one more try at the sentence, I thought over every word very carefully. “The dog jumped on the bed.” My mother looked ecstatic! She was so proud, it was the first sentence I had ever read. She gave me the second half of the popsicle plus she said I could have another one after dinner!

            I was only able to read very basic sentences, but it was a work in progress. I tried reading everything after that Sunday, cereal boxes, and newspapers, anything I could find. Learning to read seemed like such a small success, but I as I look back, learning to read set the foundation for my education. Learning to read led to writing, then came comic books. Next came books for school. High school came around and I had textbooks to read. Now I’m in college and I find myself recalling this skill I learned almost twelve years ago.

Literacy Narrative

1.       Here is an example of strong visual description from Lydia’s Story is, “She described the shelf area as about three feet wide and about a foot and a half tall. Crouched there, she watched the water continue to rise.” (Lydia’s Story, pg 130)

2.       A great example of vivid dialogue from Bidding Farewell to Arms is, “I hereby tender my unqualified resignation as a Reserve officer of the Army, USAR, under the provisions of Chapter 6, Section III of . . . . I understand that if my resignation is accepted, I am entitled to an honorable separation and will be furnished an Honorable Discharge Certificate.” (Bidding Farewell to Arms, pg 119)

3.       A nice piece of sensory description from Lydia’s Story is, “Entering the large VFW hall, we were struck by the chemical odor of a cleaning solution so strong that it seemed toxic.” (Lydia’s Story, pg 128)

4.       List of possible topics:

a.       Learning how to read

b.      Learning how to write

c.       Teaching my brother how to read

5.       I am going to write about the time my mother taught me to read. My purpose is not just to fulfill an assignment, but to bring back a loving memory of my childhood.

6.       Most likely my audience will have gone through a very similar experience, learning how to read is a necessity in our culture, therefore I believe it will bring many good thoughts to the readers.

7.       My stance will be somewhat affectionate, and sincere. Having my mother teach me to read is a great loving memory.

8.       My narrative will be printed out, and also post in my blog for the world to read.

9.       I remember seeing my mother, the reading program, my great-grandfather’s chest, our two windows in the living room, and a beautiful blue sky.

10.   I remember hearing my mother’s sweet voice and the sounds of the reading program.

11.   I recall smelling a freshly cleaned carpet, along with the smell of my dog’s breath.

12.   I was a little frustrated at first, but when I got the hang of it I became so proud.

13.   I don’t remember much of what I taste, but I do recall my mom giving me popsicles when I did well. Blue raspberry anyone?

14.   My mother is in her pajamas because it’s the weekend, her beautiful auburn hair and brown eyes glimmer in the sunlight. She talked slowly and soothingly trying to help me out. My dog buster, who is a golden retriever, shared a similar auburn colored coat with my mother.

15.   “Mom, I cant do this!”

“Yes you can honey, just keep trying. What’s this word again?”

“Dog.”

“Good! Now what did he do?”

“The dog jumped.”

“See, I told you could do it!”

16.   Pondering the sentence before me, I got very frustrated. I had tried to read the sentence four times already, every time getting hung up on what my mom called the “verb.” I knew I was talking about my dog, but what did he do? Looking at Buster, thinking about what he does everyday, I remembered him jumping on the couch. I then took one more try at the sentence, “The dog jumped.” My mother looked ecstatic! She was so proud, I was so proud!

17.   This event seemed so miniscule at the time, but I as I look back, learning to read set the foundation for my education. Learning to read led to writing, then came comic books. Next came books for school. High school came around and I had textbooks to read. Now I’m in college and I find myself recalling this skill I learned almost fifteen years ago.

Redefining Rhetoric

Most students felt that when writing rhetorically, you attempt to persuade the reader to see the subject in your point of view. They all talked about taking in account the different elements of rhetorical writing, purpose, audience, stance, medium, and design. As a writer you must know why you're writing, you have to be able to know your side well enough, and your audience well enough to effectively get your point across. So after reading others post, I feel I should keep my definition:  to write rhetorically is to be educated on your topic, inside and out, know your audience, what you really are trying to say, how you want the message to come across, and make sure that what you are saying is accurate, in order to effectively persuade your audience.

Defintion of Rhetoric

My definition of rhetoric is that a person thoroughly thinks through what they're writing before letting the public see it. Everyone has used the rhetoric process of thinking through their writing, whether it's a text, short story, class essay, or a textbook. When being rhetoric you have to think about who you're writing to, your purpose, your accuracy, to make sure you most effectively get your point across. Everyone has had that moment when you write something, you send it or hand it in and then you look back and you cant figure out at all what you're trying to say. Most likely you were tired and just trying to get it over with. In that case you probably weren't thinking about the all the aspects of effective writing. Your writing should be appropriate for the subject, the audience, the purpose, and the medium. To be rhetoric, you must consider all of the above aspects, and maybe even go above and beyond, and do a little homework on the subject of your writing. To further expand on my definition, to write rhetorically is to be educated on your topic, inside and out, know your audience, what you really are trying to say, how you want the message to come across, and make sure that what you are saying is accurate.

Rhetorical Situations - Narratives

Differences and Similarities of “Lydia’s Story” questions:

Throughout the questions referring to chapter two we had many more similarities than we did differences. For example, question 1, we all pretty much agreed that the main point of the story was that you should keep hope, a level headed mind, clear thoughts and things of that nature. Similarly with question 2 we all agreed it was told from Lydias’ perspective in the third person form. As well as in question 3 we had words and phrases that made the story standout but probably some of the more important ones were of the phrases that talked about the crackling TV and the crisp cool AC. However, question 4 is where we differed the most by far. One member believed that it was pretty formal while the others thought not. We also had similar ideas about the original audience but different enough to mention. We thought the audience could be either health care Politian’s, works, or individuals.

Connections between Chapter 2 and “Lydia’s Story”:

Chapter two was mainly about knowing who you’re talking to and knowing your position and really knowing who you are before you post or print what you’ve wrote. “Lydia’s Story” had its strengths and weaknesses given its unique constraints and opportunities. However we believe that the largest connection between “Lydia’s Story” and Chapter 2 was the fact that “Lydia’s Story” was an example of many of the items presented in Chapter 2.

Summary of “Think About” activity:

Personal List:

1. (Song) Smoke Filled Room- Mako (about a girl trying to make herself look older when she should really be embracing her youth and innocence)

2. (Story) My day to my girlfriend (mainly about what I’ve done for the day what I have planned for the rest of it)

 

It seems that today most of the things that we talk about with our friends and family is egotistical because it’s all about us and what we’ve done most of the time. Similarly with mainstream hip-hop/rap music. It’s all gotten to this point where it’s one big morph of these big names talking about their life with girls, drugs and money.

Summary of “Think Beyond Words” activity:

The most compelling videos we agreed on were those who had fitting music and those who tell their life story’s in a compelling way that is interesting. For example a woman is telling her life story but while she’s telling that they have picture from her lifetime on the screen.

Summary of “Compare Narratives” activity:

Narratives: Magazine articles and Music Videos

The largest difference between a Magazine Article and a Music Video is perhaps obviously is one is print and one is electronic. Each case is different because with an Article in most cases it needs to have visuals of some sort to maintain the reader’s interest. However with a video you don’t need a lot to keep someone’s attention, a video could be jaw dropping with no sound or anything else but the video at all. If a video was presented in a different medium a person’s amount of interest would change dramatically more so for the lesser, although if a magazine was made into a video it can instantly become more interesting considering in our day and age our attention span has dropped considerably. 

Rhetorical Situations

Chapter 2 brings to light a concept that many are familiar with, but don't even know it. This concept is the idea of having a rhetorical situation, a genre, an audience, a purpose, a stance, a context, and a medium and design. No matter if you're writing a birthday note to your mom, tweeting about a new artist, or writing an essay about a book for school, you have a rhetorical situation to think about. When you text a friend, you don't write in third person, you don't use slang in a college application, you have to take in account a handful of things when using words to express an idea.

At times it can be hard to see the intent of written words, so it is important to know your genre. Whether you are assigned a genre, or you get to choose your own, take in consideration how different genres will affect your tone in writing. Following your genre is your audience, who will be reading your work. How will your words effect your readers, and how they respond, this leads into the next stage. Your purpose may be perceived different if you don't take in account who you are talking to. Along with your purpose is your stance. If you don't stand by what you're saying, how will others? Stay strong in what you believe and don't worry about changing for others. Make sure your stance is justified though. Context is a strong tool that can help prove your point, or completely destroy it. Do your homework! Lastly is your medium and design. Make sure that your medium is works the best for your audience and purpose you are trying to portray.

Ultimately, as a functioning human being you use this process daily. Everything you write or say goes through this filter. Yes, at times you might miss a step or two because you aren't thinking of consequences. But to get your view across most effectively, run through this filter to make sure you are saying the right things to the right people.

Writers, Authors, and Genres

Writers	Authors
Don’t always have the intent of publication	Trying to reach a certain group of people with a publicized work.
People who use words to express their feelings	Don’t always have to use just words, they can always use other art
Can write anything they want	When they are reaching out to a certain group they want to write to impress and adjust to the group that is receiving the information
Don’t have to be a certain emotion	Usually books and published work have a certain feel to them throughout the entire work
Don’t have to give credit to others ideas	Have to give credit to other authors

Types of Writing	Why you enjoy/Despise it
Persuasive Writing	Too much research
Narrative Writing	Easy to write because it’s about your self
Timed Writes	Not Enough Time to finish your thoughts

Balloons
Could you stop at the store,
I don't mean to be a bore,
Thank you for going to the store.

Balloons I need now,

Could you go get me some please?

This party needs it.

You could drop them off after
These things could be colorful,
Could you help me out with this.

Leave my house,
This party is too dope,
You weren't invited.

Nash: Hey I need your help
Friend: Sure, what do you need?
Nash: Could you go to the store, pick up some supplies, drop them off and then leave?
Friend: Sure, but leave?
Nash: Yeah, you aren't invited. Sorry.

Shopping list

Go to the store

Get food from the store

Drop off the stuff at my home

Leave because you’re not invited

For Poetry it was necessary for us to consider what words would get the meaning across the quickest. For a play we had to consider how people talk to each other, and for our shopping list we had to think about things people can do to help us.